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Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2026-03-19 Origin: Site
Silicon steel, also known as electrical steel, is a key soft magnetic alloy widely used in the manufacturing of transformers, motors, generators, and other electrical equipment. Its magnetic properties directly determine the efficiency and energy consumption of electrical products. With the rapid development of the global electrical and new energy industries, the demand for high-quality silicon steel is increasing day by day. China and the United States are two major silicon steel producers in the world, each with its own mature product system and representative enterprises.
This blog will focus on comparing the similar grades of oriented and non-oriented silicon steel between China and the United States, introduce the main silicon steel companies of both countries, and add key notes on grade comparison to provide reference for material selection and application.
Silicon steel is mainly divided into two categories according to its magnetic orientation: Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel (GO) and Non-Oriented Silicon Steel (NGO), which have different characteristics and application scenarios:
Its grains are basically arranged in the same direction (Gaussian orientation), with superior high magnetic permeability and low loss characteristics along the rolling direction. Its iron loss is much lower than that of non-oriented silicon steel, and it is mainly used in the core of various transformers, especially in the field of high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage transformers.
Its crystal orientation is randomly distributed, and its magnetic properties are relatively uniform in all directions. It is mainly used in the core of rotating electrical equipment such as motors and generators, and is widely applied in household appliances, new energy vehicles and other fields.
Due to differences in national standards (China adopts the GB/T 2521 standard, and the United States adopts the AISI standard) and enterprise product systems, there is no absolute one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and American silicon steel grades, but they are corresponding based on the principles of the same thickness and the closest iron loss value.
The following tables list the common similar grades of oriented and non-oriented silicon steel in China and the United States, and add key notes for reference in material selection:
| American Grade (AISI) | Thickness (mm) | Iron Loss (P17/50, W/kg) | Chinese Grade (GB/T 2521) | Description |
| M3 | 0.27 | ~1.21 | 27Q120 | High magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel, with low iron loss and high magnetic permeability |
| M4 | 0.27 | ~1.27 | 27Q130 / 27G130 | Common grain-oriented silicon steel, with similar performance and wide application |
| M5 | 0.30 | ~1.38 | 30Q140 / 30G140 | Common grain-oriented silicon steel, suitable for general power transformers |
| M6 | 0.35 | ~1.57 | 35Q155 | Common grain-oriented silicon steel, suitable for medium and low voltage transformers |
| M1H | 0.27 | ~1.09 | 27QG110 / 27P110 | High magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel, with extremely low iron loss |
| M0H | 0.27 | ~1.00 | 27QG100 / 27P100 | High magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel, with the lowest iron loss among the listed grades |
| American Grade (AISI) | Thickness (mm) | Chinese Grade (GB/T 2521) | Description |
| M-15 | 0.35 / 0.50 | 35W250 / 50W250 | High-grade non-oriented silicon steel, with low iron loss, suitable for high-efficiency motors |
| M-19 | 0.35 / 0.50 | 35W300 / 50W310 | Medium and high-grade non-oriented silicon steel, with uniform magnetic properties, used in household appliance motors and industrial motors |
| M-22 | 0.35 / 0.50 | 35W350 / 50W350 | Medium-grade non-oriented silicon steel, with stable performance, widely used in ordinary motors and generators |
| M-27 | 0.35 / 0.50 | 35W400 / 50W400 | Medium-grade non-oriented silicon steel, cost-effective, suitable for low-power motors |
| M-36 | 0.35 / 0.50 | 35W440 / 50W470 | Low-grade non-oriented silicon steel, cost-effective, used in low-power motors and general electrical equipment |
| M-43 | 0.50 | 50W600 | Low-grade non-oriented silicon steel, suitable for general low-power electrical equipment |
| M-45 | 0.50 | 50W700 | Low-grade non-oriented silicon steel, used in simple low-power electrical equipment |
| M-47 | 0.50 | 50W800 | The lowest-grade non-oriented silicon steel, suitable for basic low-power electrical equipment |
Core Comparison Logic: The comparison of M-series grades is mainly based on the principles of the same thickness and the closest iron loss value. The American standard M-series generally adopts the AISI standard, while the Chinese grades adopt the GB/T 2521 standard.
Iron Loss Unit Difference: There is a slight difference in the iron loss unit between the American standard and the Chinese standard, and attention should be paid to conversion when comparing. For grain-oriented silicon steel, the American standard uses P17/50 (iron loss under 1.7T magnetic induction), and the Chinese standard also uses P17/50 to maintain consistency; for non-oriented silicon steel, the American standard uses P15/50 (iron loss under 1.5T magnetic induction), and the Chinese standard also adopts the same index, so no additional conversion is required.
Coating and Process Differences: Even if the grades correspond, attention should be paid to the surface coating type (semi-organic thin coating, inorganic coating, etc.) and annealing process requirements in practical applications, which will affect the final use effect.
As an important silicon steel producer, the United States has mature technology, and its main enterprises are concentrated in large steel groups. Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. became a market leader after acquiring AK Steel in 2020; U.S. Steel entered the non-oriented silicon steel market in 2023, focusing on high-grade products for the new energy field; ArcelorMittal USA, a subsidiary of a global giant, has stable product quality and strong competitiveness in North America.
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